{"product_id":"bird-keulemans-john-gerard-sarus-crane-c1876-1880","title":"Bird, Keulemans John Gerard, Sarus Crane, c1876 - 1880,","description":"\u003cp\u003eDate: 1876 - 1880\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArtist: Keulemans John Gerrard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaper Size: 245 x 345mm \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: good\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTechnique: Lithograph\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrice: $250.00\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: Hand coloured lithograph\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Biography: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJohn Gerard Keulemans\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeulemans was born in Rotterdam. As a young man, he collected animal specimens for museums such as the Natural History Museum in Leiden, whose director, Hermann Schlegel, encouraged Keulemans and sent him on the 1864 expedition to West Africa. In 1869, he was persuaded to illustrate his \u003cem\u003eMonograph of the Family of Kingfishers\u003c\/em\u003e (1868-1871) and to move to England where he lived for the rest of his life. He was married twice and had eight children by his first wife and seven children by his second wife. Only nine of his children reached adulthood. He also wrote topics on spirituality and claimed he had a premonition at the moment of death of one of his sons. He died in Ilford, Essex, (now part of Greater London) and is buried in Buckingham Road Cemetery, Ilford, in an unmarked grave. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeulemans regularly provided illustrations for \u003cem\u003eThe Ibis\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Proceedings of the Zoological Society\u003c\/em\u003e. He illustrated many important bird books, including “\u003cem\u003eA History of the Birds of New Zealand\u003c\/em\u003e(1873, 1888)”, \u003cem\u003eHistory of the Birds of Ceylon\u003c\/em\u003e (1880)” “\u003cem\u003eMonograph of the Bucerotidae\u003c\/em\u003e (hornbills) (1887–1892)” “\u003cem\u003eMonograph of the Turdidae (thrushes)\u003c\/em\u003e (1902),” “\u003cem\u003eBiologia Centrali-Americana\u003c\/em\u003e (1879–1904), “.\u003cem\u003eBirds of South Africa\u003c\/em\u003e (1887)” and “ \u003cem\u003eHistory of the Birds of Europe\u003c\/em\u003e (1871–1896)” and a single illustration in \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of the Linnean Society\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of his last great achievements was his contribution of over one hundred plates for “\u003cem\u003eMonograph of the Petrels\u003c\/em\u003e (1907–1910).” He also spent some time collecting birds in Cape Verde and West Africa \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe only significant biography of Keulemans is by Jan Coldewey and Tony Keulemans, \u003cem\u003eFeathers to Brush\u003c\/em\u003e, a book that includes a bibliography of the artist's publications, a genealogical tree, and appendices detailing his spiritualism, with a sample of his financial correspondence. Also of note is a contemporary obituary of Keulemans in the journal \u003cem\u003eBritish Birds\u003c\/em\u003e (1912). Tony Keulemans later wrote \u003cem\u003eBeyond the grave\u003c\/em\u003e, which tells the story of a remarkable discovery of a painting John Gerrard had made of his own gravestone. And finally, Tony Keulemans wrote an errata list to \u003cem\u003eFeathers to Brush\u003c\/em\u003e, which includes additional literature references and new genealogical findings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeulemans's work is characterized by its consistency, showing little change over the course of his career, and focused to an extraordinary degree on the rendering of fine detail. These generalizations have also proven to be the basis for unjustified criticism of his work,[5] since the nature of scientific illustration places a premium on consistency. Aside from this, a number of critics have rightly placed Keulemans above his contemporaries;[6] his ability to create accurate and vivid representations of birds gave him prominence in his field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Keulemans was prodigious in his output - he was commissioned to paint pictures of birds extensively throughout his career, and his prints were published continuously from 1867 to 1911. Keulemans' first prints appeared in two books by Francois Pollen, \u003cem\u003eContributions a l'histoire naturelle des Lemuriens\u003c\/em\u003e (1867) and \u003cem\u003eEen blik in Madagascar\u003c\/em\u003e (1867). Some appeared after his death until 1915 (Mathews, \u003cem\u003eBirds of Australia\u003c\/em\u003e); he had rendered the images on stone well before the publication of these works. A calculation of his total output gives about 4,000-5,000 published illustrations. The vast majority of these were vignettes published within octavo-size books and publications, and a great number of his works also appeared in quarto (Dresser\/\u003cem\u003eEurope\u003c\/em\u003e) and in-folio (Seebohm\/\u003cem\u003eTurdidae\u003c\/em\u003e and DuCane Godman\/\u003cem\u003ePetrels\u003c\/em\u003e). While the subject of his illustrations was almost entirely avian, he was also commissioned to create portraits of mammals, insects, and shells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost of the illustrations by Keulemans were produced through traditional lithography, allowing for a finished product that depicts a vivid, lifelike figure through depth and tone. Printing was carried out by the two firms of Mintern and Hanhart, and early in his career, some were printed by P. M. W. Trap. Often, the published lithographs were not coloured, and perhaps some (\u003cem\u003eJournal of the Linnean Society\u003c\/em\u003e, 1878) were not intended to be coloured. The technique of lithography made it necessary for the print to be coloured by hand. This was done by semi-skilled artisans working in an assembly line in a manner similar to stenciling. While Keulemans' talents as a draughtsman were hardly disputed by his contemporaries, often the finished, coloured plates were the subject of criticism (Sharpe\/\u003cem\u003eAlcedinidae\u003c\/em\u003e). If the depicted colours did not match those of the birds, the value of the finished product was diminished.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquarian Print Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39268994252886,"sku":"","price":250.0,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1617\/1641\/products\/KeulemansSarusCranelithographc1878_245240x315.jpg?v=1615439624","url":"https:\/\/antiquarianprintshop.com\/products\/bird-keulemans-john-gerard-sarus-crane-c1876-1880","provider":"Antiquarian Print Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}